Cryptosporidium

  • Posted: February 6th, 2012 - 5:28am by Doug Powell

    A cryptosporidium outbreak has emerged in Cairns, Queensland (that’s in Australia) with 51 cases in a month when the usual number of yearly cases was below 20.

    "If you’ve got 51 cases confirmed in a lab, chances are there are hundreds out there," Public Health medical officer Dr Steven Donohue said.

    In the letter, Dr Donohue instructed day care centres to exclude children with diarrhea until they have not had symptoms for 48 hours.

    He also recommended that swimming pools at day care centres be disinfected with adequate chlorination or refilled after each session.

    Queensland Health is also in the process of notifying swimming pool operators about the health risk, Dr Donohue said.

    "We’re not blaming the pools but they are a known factor in magnifying the outbreak," he said. "The pool operators should be very careful to make sure children with diarrhoea or dirty nappies are not in pools."

    In other crypto news, Artieda et al report in Eurosurveillance that on 24 November 2011, some smart pediatrician in the Basque Countr of northern Spain notified the epidemiological surveillance service of Gipuzkoa of a child with diarrhea in whose stools oocysts of Cryptosporidium had been isolated, as well as of an unusually large number of children with diarrhea who attended the same day-care center as the first child. All were tested for Cryptosporidium.

    Investigators concluded that from October to December 2011, an outbreak of 26 cases of cryptosporidiosis occurred in a day-care centre in Gipuzkoa, Spain. The infection spread from person to person and affected 24 children under two years of age (attack rate: 38%) and two caregivers. Cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in 10 of 15 samples. During 2010, only four cases of cryptosporidium were detected in Gipuzkoa, and 27 overall in Spain.

    At the time of the study, 63 children between 0 and two years of age attended the day-care, as well as the staff that consisted of six caregivers. There were 39 1–2-year-olds in classroom 2 (ground floor) and classrooms 3 and 4 (first floor), 13 in each. In classroom 1 (ground floor) and classrooms 5 and 6 (second floor), there were 24 0–1-year-olds, eight in each. A total of 24 children fell ill (attack rate: 38.1%), and only three of them were in the group of 0–1-year-olds. Children shared some activities by age group. Two caregivers also fell ill. In the microscopic analysis, Cryptosporidiumspp. oocysts were isolated in 10 of 15 stool samples, and no other enteropathogen was found in any of the samples studied.

    In addition, an environmental investigation was also undertaken by the local public health technicians. Information on hygiene practices and water usage was collected. The investigation detected deficiencies in hygiene procedures in the day-care centre. Single use paper towels were not available in any of the risk areas.

    As soon as the outbreak was confirmed, strengthening of hygiene measures was recommended to the staff of the day-care center, and they were asked to advise taking children to their pediatrician in the event of more cases. The recommended measures involved correcting the above-mentioned deficiencies, improving compliance with universal hygiene rules and, given the characteristics of the microorganism (resistance to chlorine), cleaning surfaces with 3% hydrogen peroxide. All measures recommended were implemented within 24-48 hours.

    A letter was sent to the parents informing them of the outbreak and advising good hygiene practices. In addition, they were told that those with diarrhea must not to use public swimming pools or other recreational water facilities for the duration of the outbreak.

    The full report is available at http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20070.

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  • Posted: November 24th, 2011 - 4:54am by Doug Powell

    A woman who endured “six years of unnecessary torture” after being struck down by cryptosporidium is finally to get compensation.

    Nicola Roberts (right), from Llangoed, Anglesey, was a happy and outgoing mum-of-three until she became one of 231 people affected by the bug after drinking tap water in November 2005.

    Two years later Dwr Cymru/Welsh Water pleaded guilty to supplying water “unfit for human consumption.”

    Dozens received compensation of between £1,300 and £5,000 after suffering symptoms like diarrhoea, stomach ache and fever for up to six weeks, others got more.

    Nicola, who has just become a grandmother, is one of those still suffering six years on. She was initially offered £10,000 by Dr Cymru but refused it, claiming loss of earnings over six years. Her case was settled out of court before trial last week after Dwr Cymru improved its offer.

    Nicola said: “They tested me and it was confirmed I had cryptosporidium. I was shocked. We weren’t told for about a month that the bug was in the water. It’s more embarrassing than anything else. I’m unable to go out anywhere. I’ve now got irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).”

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  • Posted: October 3rd, 2011 - 9:39pm by Doug Powell

    Whether it’s a swimming pool in Wales, a rec center in Kansas, or anywhere in Ireland, the advice seems to be the same: don’t swallow to avoid cryptosporidium.

    The Irish Independent reports that Dr Frances Lucy, an ecologist and lecturer at the Department of Environmental Science at IT Sligo, has warned that anyone who feels ill following watersports on our lakes and rivers should contact a doctor.

    Concerns were raised after tests were carried out at Lough Gill, Co Sligo, and from the River Liffey, Dublin, as part of a joint research project being undertaken by IT Sligo and UCD. Dr Lucy's warning relates to the dangers for people who accidentally swallow water while swimming or taking part in watersports.

    Cryptosporidium is especially dangerous for anyone whose immune system is suppressed -- with AIDS patients, the elderly and babies regarded as particularly vulnerable.

    The study, which is being funded by the Environmental Protection Agency, hopes to establish why there is a spring peak in the number of human cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland.

    With the final report due to be published in the middle of 2012, Dr Lucy revealed the preliminary findings suggest contamination in both locations is due to both animal and human waste.

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  • Posted: August 20th, 2011 - 7:55pm by Doug Powell

    An outbreak of cryptosporidium has prompted the Johnson County Health Department to ask people to stay out of swimming pools if they’ve had diarrhea recently.

    In the past two weeks, the department has received reports of 35 cases of cryptosporidiosis, Nancy Tausz, the department’s disease containment director, told the Kansas City Star Friday.

    Other cases have been reported recently in the area, Tausz said. And schools are seeing children returning to class with diarrhea, a key symptom, she said.

    Shortly before Labor Day 2007, six subdivision swimming pools in Johnson County were linked to a significant crypto outbreak. Health officials suspected toddlers with full diapers were the chief culprits. The pools were reopened after being treated with massive amounts of chlorine.
     

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  • Posted: August 12th, 2011 - 10:15pm by Doug Powell

    The Lions Junction Family Water Park in Temple, Texas, has been linked to 10 cases of cryptosporidiosis, but the park has been disinfected, inspected and is safe and open for business, health officials said Friday.

    The Bell County Health District says it sent personnel to the water park on Tuesday, when it was closed for disinfection.

    Earlier Friday, the City of Temple confirmed only that the park was linked to at least two cases of cryptosporidiosis, but said the issue has been resolved.

    A tabke of water-park related outbreaks is available at

    http://bites.ksu.edu/water-park-related-outbreaks.



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  • Posted: April 21st, 2011 - 7:42am by Doug Powell

    Late in 2010, up to 11,000 people were sickened by cryptosporidium in Ostersund, Sweden.

    Today, The Local is reporting as many as 1,500 inhabitants in the municipality of Skellefteå in northern Sweden have confirmed in a survey that they have experienced stomach flu symptoms probably caused by a parasite outbreak.

    Results from tests of water samples following the parasite infection could be completed on Wednesday.

    The web survey conducted by Skellefteå and the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control (Smittskyddsinstitutet - SMI) had been answered by 2,300 residents of the municipality by Wednesday lunchtime. Of those around 60 percent, 1,500 people, confirmed that they experienced stomach flu symptoms since April 1st.

    Many complained of having had abdominal pain, diarrhea or gassy stomachs.
    The survey has confirmed theories that the stomach flu has probably been caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium could have originated in the municipal water supply, local authorities confirmed at a press conference in Skellefteå on Wednesday.

    SMI's results on drinking water samples, expected at the latest on Thursday could be completed already Thursday afternoon.

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  • Posted: April 18th, 2011 - 4:38pm by Doug Powell

    When health types warn about a certain activity, it’s code for, we have an outbreak but we can't tell you just yet, so be careful.

    I should have been more cynical when the health types in Wales warned this morning about infections from petting zoos. I’m still naively optimistic.

    There are at least 13 people sick with cryptosporidium after a lambing event at a stately castle in Wales.

    The BBC reports, those who became ill visited Erddig Hall, owned by the National Trust, over the last 12 months.

    Public Health Wales said there was no ongoing risk and that it would continue to monitor the situation.

    Dr Judy Hart, Consultant in Communicable Disease Control, said: "Cryptosporidium is generally a mild disease.”

    Unless you have the runs for six weeks.

    A table of petting zoo-related outbreaks is available at:
    http://bites.ksu.edu/petting-zoos-outbreaks

    The table doesn’t include the ones in the U.K., which are particularly egregious, but will soon.

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  • Posted: March 24th, 2011 - 9:30pm by Doug Powell

    Adelaide Now reports that 28 people carrying cryptosporidium may have infected public pools, but South Australia Health has issued no public warning.

    Between January and March, SA Health was notified of 28 cases of cryptosporidium where the person reported swimming at a public pool.

    SA Health asked seven swimming centres across the metropolitan area to decontaminate their pools to prevent transmission of the infection.

    The Advertiser was alerted to the situation when it obtained a copy of a text message sent to members of the Adelaide Aquatic Centre advising them the pool would be closed for super-chlorination.

    Adelaide City Council confirmed the Aquatic Centre was aware an infected person had used the pool.

    An SA Health spokesman said, "This is within the normal levels we would expect to see - there has certainly been no spike. If there were large numbers then we would issue a public alert.

    "SA Health emphasises the importance of observing hand hygiene and people with diarrhoea not sharing baths or swimming in public pools for 14 days after their symptoms have stopped."

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  • Posted: January 14th, 2011 - 11:07am by Doug Powell

    British tourists always seem to be getting sick on their vacations to southern locales and they always seem to be battling with tour operators.

    In 2003, a bunch went to Baulo Hotel in Majorca and contracted either salmonella from poorly prepared food or cryptosporidium from the swimming pool.

    In 2006, the claimants initiated legal action.

    Today a judge ruled that one of the UK's largest tour operators should have warned holidaymakers about an outbreak of illness at a Spanish resort.

    The judge said that Thomson, which is now part of the larger European Tui group, was liable for damages.

    In what may have wider implications for the travel industry, the judge also ruled that Thomson ought to have warned guests about the outbreak at the hotel before they travelled, in order to give them an opportunity to either rebook or cancel, but had failed to do so.

    Thomson accepted its liability in the salmonella cases, but argued that in the cases of cryptosporidium, it could not have done more to get rid of the illness from the resort, adding,

    "We are very disappointed with the decision as we sincerely believe that we did everything in our power to safeguard our customers' wellbeing at the time."

    The company said the real winners would be "the 'no win no fee' solicitors involved."
     

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  • Posted: December 11th, 2010 - 6:59am by Doug Powell

    Investigators in Ostersund, Sweden, say they traced a cryptosporidium outbreak that has sickened more than 11,000 residents to a multifamily dwelling in the city's Odensala neighborhood

    Ostersund environmental head Jari Hiltula told Swedish news agency TT,

    "We've found high levels of the parasite in the connection to this source. We've handed over the information to the police who are responsible for the investigation. A property owner will also be contacted."

    The parasite may have entered the city's water supply through a sewage line mistakenly connected to a rainwater drainage system, the report said.

    "It looks like the sewage pipe wasn't connected properly," said Andrew Sorensson, an environmental crimes investigator with the Ostersund police.

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