How to thaw poultry: ignore government

Posted: October 4th, 2007 - 11:01pm by Doug Powell

I always thaw my turkey on the counter.

I put it in a roasting pan, to catch the juices, and more importantly, to prevent the cats from nibbling late at night. But with the Canadian Thanksgiving on Oct. 8, Health Canada has come out with its latest orders to Canadians, based on bureaucracy, not science, or even the best available evidence.

"Health Canada would like to remind all Canadians that there are simple steps they can take to help ensure their turkey feast is a safe one."

Food safety is not simple. If it was there wouldn't be "between 11 million and 13 million cases of food-related illnesses in Canada every year" as the Heath Canada press release states.

Or consumers are just really stupid.

But more baffling is the lack of scientific references for Health Canada's recommendations.

They say,

"Do not thaw your turkey at room temperature. Thaw turkey in the refrigerator or in cold water."

The water bit could lead to cross-contamination. And as myself and co-authors wrote in 2003,

"While several methods including thawing on the counter at ambient temperatures can be employed for thawing turkey, however, it is adequate cooking, validated with a meat thermometer, that is the more critical step."

The Health Canada advice got it right with the use a meat thermometer bit. But that's it. Messages like consumers are too stupid to safely thaw meat on the counter are patronizing, patriarchial, and certainly not effective. And when Health Canada and the groups they cite, like the Partnership for Consumer Food Safety Education -- snappy name there -- provide references in peer-reviewed journals, then maybe the rest of us will take them seriously.

Until then, they're just hacks, offering advice based on bureaucracy, not evidence.
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Comments

Larry D. Jones DVM says:

I have a difficult time accepting food safety advice from someone that comments "to prevent the cats from nibbling late at night". Are we talking about a food preparation surface on which cats are allowed to walk/lay/groom, maybe immediately after a trip to the litter box?

Posted on October 5th, 2007 - 4:38am

Doug Powell says:

I do not allow cats on the counter. I also wouldn't allow my kids to do lots of things; things they may do it when I'm not around.The cat comment specifically relates to some observational research done in Australia several years ago, in which household cats were often found on counters in the middle of the night, especially if food was left out. So I enclose the thawing turkey.

Posted on October 5th, 2007 - 8:11am

Jim Hayward says:

HiI have been a health inspector/food safety specialist for thirty years. Not much education but I read a bit.I often fight with my colleagues over some food safety practices as some of them (the practices that is) do not seem to be based on science and I like to cause havoc amongst bureaucrats too. Thawing things on the counter is one I like to use to get a rise out of them. None of them have offered this argument but I am curious how you would respond. What about Staph or other heat stable toxin producers? Surely if water is a potential source of cross contamination so is the "staff" that processed the birds in the first place.Just because the people you refer to tow the party line (what else are they supposed to do?) doesn't mean they are ignorant hacks. It is all a matter of context. If I am writing a piece I would say defrost in the refrigerator probably due to lack of room, if I am speaking and am able to explain the mattter fully I might get into defrosting a little better. As you say it is not a simple matter.Love your show (and T shits oops shirts)

Posted on October 5th, 2007 - 10:17am

Karl Probst says:

Once again, the elustrious Dr. Powell goes on the offensive to increase the hits on his own website by bad-mouthing the Canadian guv. I guess it worked, because here I am. However, once I finish writing this paragraph, I will be unsubscribing from your FSNet listserv. I've had my fill of baseless rants and riveting stories about food safety at KSU sporting events.Hope you enjoy your turkey, you academic hack.

Posted on October 5th, 2007 - 1:18pm

Ben Roffey says:

I'm pretty shocked by this extremely unprofessional rant you've posted; especially since you're putting people's safety at risk in order to vent your personal views.Since I won't be able to take anything you say seriously after this, I will be unsubscribing from FSNet.

Posted on October 5th, 2007 - 2:00pm

Sarah says:

I am a health inspector in Washington State where thawing on the counter is not allowed.I went to try to read the article to get some more background on your argument, but not going to pay $20 just to read it... My question is, are you referring specifically to home turkey cooking?This is certainly not a practice that would be allowed in a restaurant kitchen...we want to make things easy and straight-forward using proven methods of safety. Food thawed on the counter warms up on the outside while the inside is still cold; so there is opportunity for bacteria to grow before the turkey is fully defrosted... right? I am interested in your evidence that this is not so.

Posted on October 5th, 2007 - 4:19pm

Doug Powell says:

I have responded to many of the points raised in these comments, but it's too big to post as a comment. So it's available as it's own blog post at:http://barfblog.foodsafety.ksu.edu/2007/10/articles/food-safety-communication/thawing-and-cooking-turkey/index.html

Posted on October 6th, 2007 - 7:17pm

Chad English says:

I'm not sure why you are getting flak from some of these people who seem intent on unsubscribing. You are completely correct and the rant is warranted. There are a lot of government regulations in a variety of areas that are not evidence-based or are poorly done. People who work in, or with, government agencies should be well aware of this and why this occurs, and it is irresponsible for the government do this. Even the U.S. FDA recommendations for thawing are incorrect.The science actually indicates that thawing on a counter is perfectly safe and is apparently safer than in a refrigerator due to the extra time needed. For more details and references, see http://www.foodsafetynetwork.ca/en/link-details.php?a=4&c=23&sc=187&id=117 .

Posted on October 15th, 2007 - 12:20pm

Robert Miller says:

"based on bureaucracy, not science, or even the best available evidence."Where's yours?

Posted on September 20th, 2008 - 12:18pm

hitesh says:

can u give me aswer of this qus plzhow should poultry be thawed? explain

Posted on January 21st, 2009 - 11:27pm

John says:

As a health department food safety educator, we train to the rules so you cannot fault the trainers for their part in this whole conversation. The one item not mentioned here is what is considered to be thawed. For the food professional that would mean not ever getting above 41F, to the everyday person, that could mean warm and soft. So there is a hazard and it all depends on how you handle the food, cook the food and all the small items involved in food safety.

Posted on March 29th, 2011 - 5:57pm

Anonymous says:

Thawing food in your fridge is slower but foolproof because the maximum temperature at any point will be roughly the internal temp of your fridge. If the maximum temperature is close to room temperature for several hours, then obviously you are giving bacteria a chance to grow. The maximum temperature is a function of geometry of the food, density, water content, mass, contact points on the food (such as laying the bottom on metal), air flow, air temperature, etc. Most people aren't going to even have a ballpark guess at what the maximum temperature on a drumstick will reach, but it's certainly possible for it to reach 70°F or higher for many hours if you leave the turkey out from 8pm to 8am. Yes, cooking a turkey properly will kill all the harmful bacteria, but will not eliminate some types of poisonous wastes left by bacteria. Obviously you wouldn't recommend eating a putrid, moldy steak with an internal temp of 180°F. If I'm going to thaw something quicker than putting it in the fridge, I thaw it as quickly as possible without cooking the outside. If your food is sealed in a container or wrap, then it's easy to thaw in warm water, preferrably flowing.

Posted on May 19th, 2011 - 11:10am

Jerry F. says:

Food Safety and other tidbits. I am an expat living in Asia and you guys in the States/ Canada make me laugh. How many chickens, fish, porkers and beefs get processed here daily and no local poison outbreak's. To be honest, I don't think I have ever seen ice in the wet market. (wet = meat market) Safety is in the eyes of the beholder, a lot of useless government hacks need to justify their jobs, therefore all this food safety BS comes into play. Look at all the BS over raw milk, all of Europe has no problem with raw milk cheese, but boy someone in the states sure has a problem with raw milk cheese products. I buy raw Buffalo Milk to make cheese here, never a bad batch, never pasteurized either. Making sausages? ROFLMAO, don't do this, don't do that, keep @ 34F, heck I would never get any sausage made at that rate. I take my ingredients out of refrigeration, grind, add seasoning and liquids, mix and stuff. I'm finished before these people get their meat ready to grind. Ever see a thirty story bldg. scaffolding with bamboo? I was train never to trust it, but after 17 yrs. up and down it, I have no problem using it. I could go on and on, but you get the drift, made a few judgements on your own, don't listen to the Professionals all the time.

Posted on June 4th, 2011 - 8:48pm

Anonymous says:

Thanks for the link to the comparison testing of counter v. fridge v. running water thawing. It also answered a question that's been bugging me (pun intended) for a long time: whether freezing reduces bacteria in meats. I cannot imagine thawing anything under running water - think of the water bills! What I have done is use a container of water like a large bowl or pan & put the sealed meat in that - this works well w/ frozen fish fillets which come sealed in plastic bags & thaw in about 20-30 minutes.

Posted on June 21st, 2011 - 10:41am

Jim says:

Jerry F. I would like to see your evidence that Europeans get less sick from raw milk cheese. Further as to you being of perfect health, every time you have had the "runs" did you get a stool sample and have it tested for possible pathogens? Remember the dose is the poison and how the body responds to that dose is different for every person. This is why you'll find the young and elderly at higher risk. I just love how some use the science of "correlation equals causation". Raw milk cheeses the issue appears from what I read similar to the same problem others in Europe are having, some of the time used isn't sufficient for all the pathogens to die. No big hoopla going on. As far as Asia, no problem going on there. China isn't just implementing food laws now because of all the deaths and poisonings. Due to all the problems people caught aren't getting fined, or put in jail but some are getting executed. Yeah, Asia has it under control. I do agree with Doug that on my side of the road, regulations need to be consistent and science based. Information given out to consumers need to be science based also but we have to remember we are dealing with a different beast than a retail food establishment. Personally, I've been to some of my friends houses and the risk of cross contamination from room temp thawing if they don't properly cook it because they are slobs makes me like the fridge sometimes. With running water it shouldn't be in the package, the water should be tepid. It doesn't have to flowing full force, just enough so you have a flowing water condition, preventing stagnation and also keeping the temp constant to help thaw. At least that was my understanding. But again this is what is currently approved and allowed in the food code I enforce/train people on.

Posted on October 7th, 2011 - 2:04pm

Joel L says:

"I put it in a roasting pan, to catch the juices, and more importantly, to prevent the cats from nibbling late at night." but let the cats sing and dance around the roasting pan. Really you teach food safety!!! I can't even comment on the rest of the blog....ahhh no wonder we have food safety issues! Ps consummers are really stupid and common sense isn't that commmon.

Posted on October 14th, 2011 - 2:45pm

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