Antibiotics

  • Posted: March 20th, 2012 - 6:02am by Doug Powell

    Wong et al. conclude in Clinical Infectious Disease that for every four children infected with E. coli O157:H7 treated with antibiotics, one will develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The authors state antibiotic use during E. coli O157:H7 infections is associated with a higher rate of subsequent HUS, and should be avoided.

    The authors enrolled children infected with E. coli O157:H7 in this prospective cohort study in five states over 9.5 years within one week of the onset of diarrhea. The primary and secondary outcomes were HUS (hematocrit < 30% with smear evidence of hemolysis, platelet count < 150 x 103/mm3, and serum creatinine concentration > upper limit of normal for age) and oligoanuric HUS. Univariate and multivariable and ordinal multinomial regression analyses were used to test associations between factors apparent during the first week of illness and outcomes.

    Of the 259 children analyzed, 36 (14%) developed HUS. Univariate analysis demonstrated that children who received antibiotics during the diarrhea phase more frequently developed HUS than those who did not (36% vs. 12%, p=0.001). The higher rate of HUS was observed across all antibiotic classes used. In multivariable analysis, a higher leukocyte count (aOR 1.10; 95%CI 1.03, 1.19), vomiting (aOR 3.05; 95%CI 1.23-7.56), and exposure to antibiotics (aOR 3.62; 95% CI 1.23-10.6) during the first week of onset of illness were each independently associated with development of HUS. Multinomial ordinal logistic regression confirmed that initial leukocyte count and antibiotic use were independently associated HUS, and, additionally, these variables were each associated with the development of oligoanuric HUS.

    Risk Factors for the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children Infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7: a Multivariable Analysis
    http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/03/16/cid.cis299.abstract

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  • Posted: November 21st, 2010 - 5:17pm by Doug Powell

    I bought a turkey yesterday for Thursday’s Thanksgiving food orgy – 15 pounds at $0.68 per pound at Dillions supermarket in Manhattan (Kansas).

    We usually don’t go anywhere because the town is more serene with the students gone, and we host a dinner for various international stragglers with nowhere else to go.

    At least I didn’t have to go to Whole Foods. Terrible food safety and so insufferable.

    For the past couple of weeks, Whole Foods has been pushing their turkeys like some form of food porn crack, and repeating the following statements as mantra:

    “No antibiotics — ever
    No supplemental growth hormones*
    No animal byproducts in feed

    “*Federal regulations prohibit the use of hormones when raising poultry”

    Whole Foods lets birds suffer if they are sick, and follows the law by not using hormones. Should sick animals be deprived antibiotics? Wouldn’t that go against animal welfare standards? I don’t see how this is the basis for an advertizing campaign. Federal regulators may want to have a look, seeing as they cracked down on Tyson’s BS claims that they didn’t use antibiotics in poultry production that no one else used.

    Whole Foods does have a bunch of homespun tales about turkeys raised by farmers the way our grandparents did it. Apparently society has learned nothing about food production over the past 60 years.

    Whole Foods also has a thing against modern technology like freezing, and says it only sells fresh birds – big cross-contamination problem

    I bought fresh birds a couple of times in the 1990s, and concluded they were overpriced and sucked. Same with fresh pasta. Some things are meant to be preserved using technology.

    But this marketing is aimed directly at the consumers’ pocketbook.

    It just makes sense that the more care and time that goes into raising the turkeys, the more they will cost.”

    Good for you if people will pay.

    The Chicago Tribune reports that Whole Foods is also piloting a new humane meat-rating system in the South and scheduled for national expansion early next year. If the six-step, color-coded labeling system works as planned, it could allow American consumers at many supermarket chains unprecedented levels of specificity when it comes to choosing meat to match their principles.

    I’d really like to be able to choose meat and other foods by levels of microbial contamination. American retailers will market anything to make a buck, but why not reward those producers, processors and retailers who consistently deliver food that doesn’t make people barf.

    “Developed by the Global Animal Partnership, a nonprofit group made up of farmers, scientists, retailers, sustainability experts and animal welfare advocates, the rating system aims to address growing consumer concerns over the way animals are raised for food. It could also, not coincidentally, boost sales for certified farmers and participating stores, likely to include another unidentified major national retailer and restaurant group in the coming year, according to the nonprofit.

    “Its six-step approach establishes baseline standards for all meat sold in the store, while offering producers an opportunity to achieve higher ratings as their animal welfare standards improve based on the program's benchmarks.

    “So, for example, the highest rating (5+, colored green) would go to a chicken that, among other things, had been bred, hatched and raised on a single farm, lived year-round on pasture covered with at least 75 percent vegetation and had legs that were healthy enough to support it by the time it reached market weight.

    “And the lowest rating (1, colored yellow) would reflect adherence to several dozen baseline provisions about feed, antibiotics and treatment, but also a provision that the animal must not have been caged or crowded.”

    The Whole Foods folks could have learned something from those studying restaurant inspection disclosure and the use of colors or grading schemes. I also expect absolutely no verification that the system communicates to shoppers what was intended.

    "We get an enormous amount of questions from customers who want to know everything about the meat and animals, really detailed questions," said Anne Malleau, global animal production and welfare coordinator for Whole Foods Market. But the program is also aimed at customers who don't want the gory details so much as assurances that their "food has been humanely produced," Malleau said.

    Although the company has no set formula for pricing GAP levels, it did share some examples from an Atlanta-area store that started rolling out the program in 2009. Grain-fed rib-eye steak rated a Step 1 costs $14.99 lb., while local grass-fed rib-eye, rated Step 4, costs $15.99 lb. And Canadian bone-in pork chops rated Step 1 cost $6.99 lb., while local bone-in pork chops rated Step 4 cost $7.99 lb.

    Who pays that? And relying on auditors? You have heard of Peanut Corporation of America and DeCoster eggs and dozens of other outbreaks. Anne, who used to go to the University of Guelph and even hang out with the folks in my lab (above, right, exactly as shown) I want microbiologically safe food. That’s something I’d pay for.

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  • Posted: April 21st, 2008 - 11:36pm by Doug Powell

    The Chipotle restaurant across from Kent State University in Ohio appears to be the source of hundreds of norovirus illnesses this weekend.

    One report cited Kent health officials as saying that 432 people had reported norovirus symptoms as of Monday afternoon.

    Victims began showing up at local hospitals Thursday evening and the restaurant closed Friday.

    Many of those who got ill were Kent State University students. The restaurant is directly across from the campus, and students who took part in a recent American Red Cross blood drive received a coupon for free food at Chipotle.

    Kent Health Commissioner John Ferlito said Saturday the health department and the Denver-based restaurant chain agreed to switch employees out of concern that the outbreak might be caused by a sick employee. Several of the restaurant's employees had been ill, but they also had eaten the restaurant's food.


    Chipotle spokesman Chris Arnold said in a statement Saturday,

    "Local health department officials have found no violations in inspections of our Kent State restaurant conducted after this incident was first reported, and again in an inspection this morning. We have reopened our restaurant with their full support. We have taken preventative steps that meet or exceed health department requirements, and will continue to assist them in their investigation."

    If someone wants to check out Kent State University and Chipotle on Facebook, I bet there's lots of stories to hear.

    Antibiotics? How about norovirus?

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    Norovirus  |  2 Comments
    Antibiotics, Chipotle